Safeguarding modern midwifery

About the Author

Uniting clinical expertise and legal perspective to reveal how midwifery is interpreted—and often misinterpreted—across courts and hospitals.

Martha E Merrill-Hall portrait
Martha E Merrill-Hall JD MS CNM

Martha has led CNM practice across private, Indian Health Service, hospitalist, and critical access settings while litigating personal injury and professional malpractice cases.

Today she researches verdict trends, policy shifts, and licensure actions from the Rocky Mountains—equipping midwives, patients, and counsel with grounded legal insight.

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Why midwives & counsel read

Dual license perspective

Decades of private, IHS, hospitalist, and critical access CNM practice pair with JD work representing both plaintiffs and defendants in professional malpractice.

  • Pro bono defense of advanced practice providers facing board actions.
  • Expert witness experience in midwifery negligence claims.

Where I've practiced

Licensed across Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, Iowa, New Mexico, California, and beyond—spanning CNM hospitalist teams, Indian Health Service care, and cardiology/critical care nursing roots in Vermont and Maine.

Today I research verdicts, legal seminars, and policy shifts from the Rocky Mountains.

What Martha hopes readers gain

  • Historical context for how CNMs/CMs secured hospital privileges and where culture still lags clinical reality.
  • Plain-language breakdowns of licensure boundaries, malpractice myths, and courtroom expectations.
  • Validation for midwives, attorneys, and patients who need equitable framing of the profession’s contributions.
  • Strategies to translate courtroom narratives back into safe bedside practice.

November 12, 2024

About the Website

Updated January 12, 2026

Legal Risks In Everyday Practice

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Photo by Justin Bowdige on Unsplash

Avoiding Legal Peril in Midwifery Practice

These articles are intended to inform best practices for certified nurse-midwives/certified midwives and the unique liability challenges they face in clinical practice. The information provided will include, but is not limited to, standards of practice, midwifery liability challenges, hospital systems failures, professional conduct, avoiding litigation, cultures of care in corporate healthcare systems, and various legal considerations associated with safe practice.  

Improving CNM Profile With Legal Profession

Responsible certified nurse-midwife (CNM)/certified midwife (CM) practice, and optimal legal representation of midwives, requires realistic information pertaining to the profession of midwifery, specific standards of practice for various midwifery designations, and how specific standards guide practice. Attorneys specialising in medical negligence need to understand the potential liability issues unique to the practice of CNMs/CMs, including a basic familiarity with the practices of other midwifery classifications in the community. Most people cannot distinguish individual midwifery practices.  This lack of knowledge matters, especially for women selecting a maternity care provider.  

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Photo by Peter Neumann on Unsplash

Negative attitudes of hospital administrations, misinformed medical and legal providers, corporate healthcare culture, and knowledge deficits within society have allowed the professional profiles of all types of midwives to suffer. Practising midwives deserve to understand how midwifery is currently viewed in the context of malpractice litigation. Consumers of midwifery care need to understand the education, background, and legislative boundaries that apply to different types of midwives.

Lemkuall      unsplash image
Photo by Lemkuall on Unsplash

Midwifery Practice Environments and Legal Risk 

The information provided will primarily focus on Certified Nurse-Midwife/Certified Midwife working environments that harbour overt and hidden legal risks. Certified Nurse-Midwifery practice is changing. In hospital corporate practice, role expectations for CNMs have become more fluid and legally precarious. Many attorneys involved in midwifery malpractice litigation often lack a basic understanding of the diversity of practice among defendant midwives. This could diminish the effectiveness of legal representation in medical negligence cases. Attorneys, physicians, and midwives need awareness of the liability burdens unique to each midwife designation and the environments in which they work.  In order to establish whether a midwife has met or breached an applicable standard of care in a negligence lawsuit, attorneys can only effectively prosecute or defend their clients if there is a basic comprehension of the character and foundation of the individual midwifery practice and the specific standards of care which apply.