Safeguarding modern midwifery

About the Author

Uniting clinical expertise and legal perspective to reveal how midwifery is interpreted—and often misinterpreted—across courts and hospitals.

Martha E Merrill-Hall portrait
Martha E Merrill-Hall JD MS CNM

Martha has led CNM practice across private, Indian Health Service, hospitalist, and critical access settings while litigating personal injury and professional malpractice cases.

Today she researches verdict trends, policy shifts, and licensure actions from the Rocky Mountains—equipping midwives, patients, and counsel with grounded legal insight.

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Why midwives & counsel read

Dual license perspective

Decades of private, IHS, hospitalist, and critical access CNM practice pair with JD work representing both plaintiffs and defendants in professional malpractice.

  • Pro bono defense of advanced practice providers facing board actions.
  • Expert witness experience in midwifery negligence claims.

Where I've practiced

Licensed across Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, Iowa, New Mexico, California, and beyond—spanning CNM hospitalist teams, Indian Health Service care, and cardiology/critical care nursing roots in Vermont and Maine.

Today I research verdicts, legal seminars, and policy shifts from the Rocky Mountains.

What Martha hopes readers gain

  • Historical context for how CNMs/CMs secured hospital privileges and where culture still lags clinical reality.
  • Plain-language breakdowns of licensure boundaries, malpractice myths, and courtroom expectations.
  • Validation for midwives, attorneys, and patients who need equitable framing of the profession’s contributions.
  • Strategies to translate courtroom narratives back into safe bedside practice.

Articles

The Reference Desk

Legal insight, real-world lessons, and grounded guidance for everyone involved in CNM/CM practice.

Electronic Fetal Monitoring:Management and Standard of Care Part 2 preview image
Jan 03, 2025

Electronic Fetal Monitoring:Management and Standard of Care Part 2

Electronic Fetal Monitoring: Management and Standard of Care Part 2

What Should We Do With Category 2?

For better or worse, electronic fetal monitoring has become a mainstay of fetal surveillance. Due to legal issues relating to failures in recognition and intervention with electronic fetal monitoring, several national associations have defined "graded categories" of tracing abnormalities, along with recommendations for interventions specific to the various categories. (Cat I,Cat II,Cat III.1

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Obstetrics Consultations and Midwifery Liability preview image
Nov 29, 2024

Obstetrics Consultations and Midwifery Liability

Campaigns against midwifery, starting at the beginning of the 19th century, set the table for strained relationships between physicians and midwives, which persist to the present time. Anti-midwifery sentiments, enhanced by the attitudes of J. Whitridge Williams and Joseph Bolivar DeLee*, ushered in the age of obstetrics and scientific medicine which were considered the only modern and realistic choice for safe and healthy childbirth in America.[1]

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